What Is Shoulder Impingement?
Shoulder impingement occurs when the rotator cuff tendons become compressed or irritated as they pass through the space between the shoulder blade and upper arm bone. This compression causes inflammation, pain, and limited shoulder movement, particularly when lifting the arm overhead.
Shoulder impingement is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain and may develop gradually from repetitive motion, overuse, or structural narrowing of the shoulder joint. Without treatment, impingement can progress to rotator cuff tendinitis or tears.
Symptoms of Shoulder Impingement
Common symptoms of shoulder impingement include:
- Shoulder pain with overhead activity
- Pain when reaching behind the back
- Pain lifting the arm
- Weakness in the shoulder
- Limited range of motion
- Pain at night, especially when lying on the shoulder
- Clicking or catching sensation
- Difficulty with daily activities
Symptoms often worsen with repetitive motion or activity.
Common Causes
Shoulder impingement typically develops due to inflammation or narrowing within the shoulder joint. Common causes include:
- Repetitive overhead activity
- Sports such as baseball, tennis, or swimming
- Rotator cuff tendinitis
- Bone spurs
- Shoulder instability
- Poor posture
- Muscle imbalance
- Age-related degeneration
These factors reduce the space within the shoulder, leading to tendon irritation.
How Shoulder Impingement Is Diagnosed
Diagnosis begins with a physical examination to evaluate shoulder motion and pain. Your orthopedic specialist may perform specific tests to identify impingement. Imaging studies may include:
- X-rays to evaluate bone spurs
- MRI to assess rotator cuff tendons
- Ultrasound in select cases
- Additional imaging if needed
These tests help determine the severity of impingement and rule out other shoulder conditions.
Shoulder Impingement Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatment
Most cases of shoulder impingement improve with conservative care. Treatment may include:
- Activity modification
- Anti-inflammatory medication
- Physical therapy
- Corticosteroid injections
- Stretching and strengthening exercises
- Ice and rest
Physical therapy is often the primary treatment and focuses on improving shoulder mechanics and reducing inflammation.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery may be recommended when conservative treatment does not relieve symptoms. Surgical options may include:
- Arthroscopic shoulder decompression
- Removal of bone spurs
- Subacromial decompression
- Rotator cuff repair if needed
- Shoulder arthroscopy
These procedures create more space within the shoulder and reduce tendon irritation.
Recovery After Shoulder Impingement Treatment
Recovery depends on the severity of symptoms and treatment approach. Many patients improve within several weeks with therapy. After surgery, patients typically undergo structured rehabilitation to restore motion and strength. Full recovery may take several weeks to months depending on the procedure.
When to See an Orthopedic Specialist
You should seek evaluation if you experience:
- Persistent shoulder pain
- Pain with overhead activity
- Limited shoulder motion
- Weakness in the shoulder
- Night pain
- Symptoms not improving with rest
Early treatment can help prevent progression to rotator cuff injury.
Why Choose TMI Sports Medicine & Orthopedic Surgery
TMI provides comprehensive care for shoulder impingement, including advanced imaging, non-surgical treatment, and minimally invasive shoulder surgery when necessary. Our specialists focus on relieving pain, restoring motion, and helping patients return to daily activities and sports.
