What Is Frozen Shoulder?
Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by pain and progressive stiffness in the shoulder joint. It occurs when the shoulder capsule thickens and tightens, limiting motion and making everyday activities difficult.
The condition often develops gradually and typically progresses through stages of increasing pain, stiffness, and eventual improvement. Symptoms may last months or even years without treatment, making early evaluation important.
Symptoms of Frozen Shoulder
Frozen shoulder symptoms usually develop slowly and worsen over time. Common symptoms include:
- Shoulder pain, especially with movement
- Stiffness and limited range of motion
- Difficulty reaching overhead or behind the back
- Pain that worsens at night
- Difficulty with dressing or grooming
- Weakness due to limited use
- Gradual loss of shoulder mobility
Pain is often most severe early in the condition, while stiffness becomes more prominent later.
Common Causes
Frozen shoulder occurs when inflammation causes the shoulder capsule to tighten and form adhesions. Risk factors and causes include:
- Shoulder injury or trauma
- Prolonged shoulder immobilization
- Recent shoulder surgery
- Diabetes
- Thyroid disorders
- Parkinson’s disease
- Cardiac conditions
- Age 40–60 years
These factors increase the likelihood of developing stiffness and restricted shoulder movement.
How Frozen Shoulder Is Diagnosed
Diagnosis begins with a medical history and physical examination. Your orthopedic specialist will evaluate shoulder motion and pain levels. Imaging studies may include:
- X-rays to rule out arthritis
- MRI to evaluate soft tissues
- Ultrasound in select cases
These tests help confirm frozen shoulder and rule out other shoulder conditions.
Frozen Shoulder Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatment
Most cases of frozen shoulder improve with conservative care. Treatment may include:
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Corticosteroid injections
- Physical therapy
- Range-of-motion exercises
- Heat or ice therapy
- Activity modification
Physical therapy and stretching exercises are often central to treatment and help restore motion and reduce stiffness.
Surgical Treatment
If conservative treatment does not improve symptoms, surgery may be recommended. Surgical options may include:
- Shoulder arthroscopy
- Capsular release
- Removal of scar tissue
- Manipulation under anesthesia
These procedures help restore motion by releasing tight tissue within the shoulder joint.
Recovery After Frozen Shoulder Treatment
Recovery varies depending on the stage and severity of the condition. Many patients gradually regain motion over time with therapy and guided rehabilitation. Physical therapy following treatment helps maintain mobility and prevent recurrence. Full recovery may take several months, depending on individual factors.
When to See an Orthopedic Specialist
You should seek evaluation if you experience:
- Persistent shoulder pain
- Progressive stiffness
- Difficulty lifting your arm
- Limited range of motion
- Pain interfering with daily activities
- Symptoms lasting several weeks
Early treatment can help restore mobility and prevent worsening stiffness.
Why Choose TMI Sports Medicine & Orthopedic Surgery
TMI provides comprehensive care for frozen shoulder, including conservative treatment, physical therapy coordination, and minimally invasive surgical options when necessary. Our shoulder specialists focus on relieving pain, restoring motion, and helping patients return to daily activities safely.
