Posterior Spinal Fusion

What Is Posterior Spinal Fusion?

Posterior spinal fusion is a surgical procedure performed through an incision in the back (posterior) of the spine to join two or more vertebrae together. During the procedure, bone graft material is placed along the spine to encourage the bones to heal into a single, solid structure. This fusion reduces motion between vertebrae and helps stabilize the spine.

Instrumentation such as screws and rods may also be used to provide immediate stability while the fusion heals. Over time, the vertebrae grow together, helping reduce pain and improve spinal alignment.

Conditions Treated with Posterior Spinal Fusion

Posterior spinal fusion may be recommended for a variety of spinal conditions, including:

• Spinal stenosis
• Herniated or damaged discs
• Spondylolisthesis
• Spinal fractures
• Degenerative disc disease
• Spinal instability
• Scoliosis or kyphosis
• Spinal tumors in select cases

These conditions may cause spinal instability or nerve compression that requires surgical stabilization.

Symptoms Treated with Posterior Spinal Fusion

Patients who may benefit from posterior spinal fusion often experience:

• Persistent back or neck pain
• Pain radiating into arms or legs
• Numbness or tingling
• Weakness in extremities
• Difficulty walking or standing
• Spinal instability
• Reduced range of motion
• Symptoms not improving with conservative care

These symptoms typically occur when vertebrae move abnormally or compress nearby nerves.

How Posterior Spinal Fusion Is Diagnosed

Before recommending surgery, your spine specialist will perform a comprehensive evaluation. Diagnostic testing may include:

• Physical and neurological examination
• X-rays to assess alignment and instability
• MRI to evaluate nerve compression
• CT scan for detailed bone imaging
• Additional imaging when necessary

Surgery is typically recommended when conservative treatment has not relieved symptoms.

Posterior Spinal Fusion Treatment

Non-Surgical Treatment

Conservative treatment is usually attempted first and may include:

• Activity modification
• Anti-inflammatory medication
• Physical therapy
• Pain management injections
• Bracing in select cases
• Strengthening and stabilization exercises

If symptoms persist or spinal instability progresses, surgery may be recommended.

Surgical Treatment

During posterior spinal fusion:

• An incision is made in the back
• Muscles are gently moved aside to expose the spine
• Bone graft material is placed between vertebrae
• Screws and rods may be used for stabilization
• The vertebrae fuse together over time

This procedure stabilizes the spine and relieves pressure on nerves.

Recovery After Posterior Spinal Fusion

Recovery varies depending on the number of levels treated and overall health. Many patients begin walking soon after surgery, with gradual return to activities over several weeks. Full fusion and healing may take several months, and physical therapy is often recommended to restore strength and mobility.

Patients are typically advised to avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity during early recovery.

When to See an Orthopedic Specialist

You should seek evaluation if you experience:

• Persistent back or neck pain
• Pain radiating into arms or legs
• Numbness or tingling
• Weakness in extremities
• Difficulty standing or walking
• Symptoms not improving with conservative care

Prompt evaluation helps determine whether spinal stabilization is appropriate.

Why Choose TMI Sports Medicine & Orthopedic Surgery

TMI provides comprehensive spine care, including conservative treatment and surgical procedures such as posterior spinal fusion when necessary. Our spine specialists focus on stabilizing the spine, relieving nerve compression, and helping patients return to daily activities safely.